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August 18, 2024
Ghana’s recent macroeconomic state has been dire. In the first quarter of 2022, the country suffered a series of international credit-rating downgrades, prompted by sharply deteriorating fiscal outcomes. This shut Ghana out of the international bond market, hitherto a key source of budget and balance-of-payments financing. Following the loss of bond market access, the balance of payments erupted into crisis. From December 2021 to June 2022, the overall balance of payments position worsened from a US$500 million surplus to a US$2.5 billion deficit, thus indicating a deterioration of US$3.0 billion in just six months. This caused the stock of foreign […]
January 5, 2024
In mid-November, the government tabled the 2024 budget statement within the context of the three-year IMF program that Ghana formally adopted in May 2023, which seeks to address the present fiscal and macroeconomic crises. Since the program’s adoption, macroeconomic conditions have seen some improvement, with year-on-year inflation declining to 35.2% in October 2023 after peaking at 54.1% in December 2022. The volatility of the cedi depreciation against foreign currencies has also eased, while some calm has returned to the financial sector after the government completed its domestic debt restructuring exercise. Nevertheless, the economy is not out of the woods, as […]
June 15, 2023
The Ghanaian economy has been in crisis since 2022. In addition to the government struggling to pay its bills and service its debts, the macroeconomy has been volatile, with extremely high inflation and exchange rate depreciation rates, while business confidence has been weakening and economic growth has been falling. For example, year-on-year consumer price inflation rate, which respectively averaged 9.9% and 10.0% in 2020 and 2021, and which stood at 12.6% at the end of 2021, jumped to as high as 29.8% in June 2022. By the end of December 2022, the year-on-year consumer price inflation rate had skyrocketed to a whopping 54.1%. Also, annual depreciation rate of the cedi against the US dollar, which respectively stood at only 3.9% and 4.1% in 2020 and 2021, sharply increased to as high as 30.0% in 2022.
August 18, 2022
Finance Minister Ken Ofori-Atta presented the mid-year review of the 2022 budget statement to Parliament on Monday, July 25, 2022. As expected, the review contained revisions to the 2022 macroeconomic forecasts, in light of economic developments since the 2022 budget was announced in November last year. More importantly, it revised the 2022 fiscal projections to take account of budgetary outcomes in the first half of the year, aimed at putting Ghana on a fiscal consolidation path, as a means of addressing the rising macroeconomic instability the country is currently witnessing. Having registered large fiscal deficits in the past decade, which […]
January 26, 2022
Ghana has been facing a very difficult fiscal situation for quite some time. Since 2012, the country has run large fiscal deficits, which have led to rapid debt build-up. The ratio of public debt to GDP, which stood at 29.1% in 2011, climbed swiftly to 55.6% in 2016. This led to a sharp increase in interest expenditure from 13.2% of total revenue and grants in 2011 to 35.8% in 2016.